Year 2 Launched For Canadian Youth Business Foundation Spin ...

For the second consecutive year, the Canadian Youth Business Foundation (CYBF) and Spin Master Ltd., Canada?s most innovative toy company, are teaming up to offer financing, mentoring and business workshops to innovative entrepreneurs through the Spin Master Innovation Fund (SMIF).

Applications for the Spin Master Innovation Fund opened today and will offer qualified 18-34 year olds the opportunity to kick-start their business start-up with $50,000 in start-up financing, a hand-matched mentor, a paid trip to Toronto to attend an exclusive Innovation Launch Pad Workshop, and the opportunity to participate in an Acceleration Workshop after six months. Qualified applicants are invited to apply online.

?The partnership between CYBF and Spin Master is helping us kick-start innovative young entrepreneurs from coast to coast to coast,? says Vivian Prokop, chief executive officer of the Canadian Youth Business Foundation. ?Spin Master Ltd. is a pioneering Canadian business that has grown from an innovative idea shared by three young, brilliant Canadians to become a global leader in its industry. The Spin Master Innovation Fund furthers the spirit of Canadian innovation by identifying highly driven young people and enabling them to become the future job creators who will strengthen and grow the Canadian economy for years to come.?

The Spin Master Innovation Fund builds on CYBF?s impeccable domestic and global track record as champions of youth entrepreneurship, while demonstrating Spin Master?s philanthropic commitment to youth business innovation.

?The successful launch of the Spin Master Innovation Fund has allowed us to give back to young entrepreneurs all across Canada,? says Spin Master?s President and co-CEO, Ronnen Harary. ?With the impressive recipients that have already come through the Spin Master Innovation Fund, we are excited to see the high quality of candidates and the innovation, passion and outstanding character that is sure to be delivered in 2012.?

?Without the help of the Spin Master Innovation Fund, we would never have been able to get our business off the ground,? said Awane Jones, founder and CEO of Monumental Technologies and Spin Master Innovation Fund 2011 recipient. ?The Spin Master Innovation Fund provided us with the most intense learning I have ever experienced as an entrepreneur and the essential funding we needed. I would highly recommend the program to young business people who want a program that thinks outside of the box and places real value on real world education.?

Spin Master Innovation Fund applications must be received by May 10th, 2012. Recipients will receive a start-up package of up to $50,000 in start-up financing and a personally-matched mentor from CYBF?s world-class mentoring program. Plus, recipients will get an all-expenses paid trip to Toronto to attend a two-day Innovation Launch Pad Workshop, which will provide access to top-tier Spin Master executives, as well as the opportunity to attend a specialized Acceleration Workshop six months later to reconnect with the Spin Master Innovation Fund peer group.

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Online Business Advise ? Security Measures on the Process of Web ...

For individuals who are preparing to generate a web site or maybe net improvement, there are actually precautionary measure that needs to be take into consideration to protect your site. Web site and its safety will give you a reassurance though enterprise is within the go.

1st to the listing is identifying the security perils and have it assessed. It is actually important which you classify the variables and also have it checked over the policy. There should also be a man or woman responsible to take care of it. Assign anyone to consider care each individual leakage. In case the online provides a quite simple knowledge, then you definitely can just put into action simple guidelines. But if it is extremely delicate, chances are youll look at an assessment that will identity any feasible threats which the internet site calls for that may support the growth staff.

Take a quick watch in the whole web page. This really is not just about protection, after a secured course of action is utilized, ensure you assessment your internet site and informations have to be exact, complying when using the requirements and regulations, steer clear of any unauthorized use of elements, compatible to most consumers, and need to be quick and easy to access. Will not have confidence in anyone your data. Knowledge leakages is very rampant, allow it to be positive that your laptop or computer is secured that has a password and perhaps your data approach. All types and types of back again ups need to be secured with its input and output. The fourth method is usually to critique and review each individual post being developed online. It have to go thru an approval practice by committee.

Facilitate the job on the website designer. Its given that softwares generally contains mistake. But with total facilitation and proper action, it may be minimized until the undertaking is completed. Specifications and pointers should be carried out with secured application. Just after the plan is used, have it tested and make it certain which you utilizes the correct program for this. This check up would include availability from the application. Logs needs to be backtracked. In such cases, we will stay away from cases of incidents and also other doable destroyed as we can detect the threats coming in. Early warning is very important in this category so we will remember on the incoming software difficulty almost every other sorts of viruses and threats.

Deployment from the website must be secured with good examine and checks. Examination setting and also the are living types are absolutely distinct from just about every other. There may have some purpose that is certainly not applicable inside the exam environment but might alter over the reside natural environment. Check and test just after producing the web site obtainable is rather important. And then the extent agreement should be reviewed so the net might be secured while the website is freely launched and it is offered for viewing. This could involve agreement from contractors, sub- contractors, and perhaps from suppliers. Breaches of security will likely be discovered later on. As well as very last detail is definitely the recovery if there might be an attainable reduction of any datas.

SEO Sussex

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Reforms in Myanmar: 4 reasons the military changed course

For more than half a century, Myanmar?s military governments were synonymous with brutality and corruption. Accused of savagery in their prosecution of civil wars with rebellious ethnic minorities, drug running, forced labor on a massive scale, and other human rights violations, successive generals brought the country, once one of Southeast Asia?s most prosperous nations, to economic ruin.

A year ago the military stepped aside, handing power to a nominally civilian government made up largely of former generals that have instituted political reforms, signed ceasefires with most of the ethnic minorities, and promised economic modernization. Here are four reasons why the military changed its course:

- A Correspondent

Gen. Than Shwe, the man who ran Myanmar (Burma) until last year, may have had his eye on history when he handed over power. Traditionally, Myanmar's military dictators who handed over power to the successive dictator have soon found themselves in jail or under house arrest and their relatives stripped of the wealth they had accumulated.
?
By paving the way to a nominally civilian government, Than Shwe?made sure that power is no longer wielded by one man who would be strong enough to turn on him. Instead, power in Myanmar today is diffused among the military, different factions of the government, and an increasingly active and demanding parliament.

Than Shwe is now quietly in the background, presumably enjoying the material fruits he gathered while he ran Burma and decided who should be granted lucrative business deals in the resource-rich country.
?

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Allergy to Drugs: Real or Imagined?

Usually manifested by skin reactions, the drug allergy is often-misdiagnosed. Avoidance behavior that ensues is not always justified and can be problematic. It is essential to achieve an allergy assessment in order to have proof.

What are the symptoms of allergies to medications?
The most common are Urticaria, followed by edema of the eyelids, generalized swelling of the face and the small buttons scattered all over the body that does not always itch. But the reactions are very heterogeneous and can also manifest as eczema, redness and extended with a fever or even cause asthma attacks or can touch deep organs such as kidneys or liver.

What are the drugs most often incriminated?
Penicillin, anti-inflammatory drugs (not containing cortisone) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, piroxicam and anesthetics such as curare, etc? The information of such drugs can be obtained from a contract research organization which regularly deals in clinical trials services or drug testing studies.

In case of allergy to a medication, what to do?
In case of skin reaction, it is necessary to stop the drug immediately and contact their doctor, who will guide quickly you to an allergist or to a specialist center if necessary.

It is often useful to photograph the state of your skin. The allergist will conduct a thorough investigation: reaction time after taking the drug, taken with other medicines (syrup?), circumstances of the reaction (during a meal, exertion, exposure to the sun?), etc. If the role of the drug is confirmed, the exploration continues.

In case of allergic reaction of immediate type
Get the prick tests performed (introduction into the skin thickness of an extract allergen with a tiny tip, the positive reaction resulting in redness and itching) and possibly skin tests (skin introduction deepest of the extract). Interpretation of results can lead to practice other examinations (laboratory tests, provocation tests food?). But overall, if the test is positive, the person is diagnosed allergic, whereas if the test is negative, we proceed to a reintroduction in high medical supervision starting with very low doses and is stopped at the first sign of reaction. In the absence of reaction, the person is diagnosed non-allergic.

In case of non immediate allergic reaction
One dose of medication is placed on a dressing and the immediate reaction is observed, then 2, 3 and 8 days. If positive, the person is diagnosed allergic; otherwise it performs a test of reintroduction.

Tips if you are allergic to medicines

• Wearable identity card of allergic indicating the molecule causing the allergic reaction
• Read systematically records of drugs.
• Know the International Nonproprietary Name (INN) of the molecule to which one is allergic.
• For example, the DCI of aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid.
• To deliver by the doctor a list of all-risk products
• For example, some mouthwashes, anti-dandruff shampoos or products against corns may contain aspirin.
• Establish with doctor a list of medications you can take (more interesting than a list of drugs that you cannot take), to be updated over the years.

Source: http://health.ezinemark.com/allergy-to-drugs-real-or-imagined-7d352c40189d.html

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Movie review: Let the 'Games' begin! | UWIRE

Posted on29 March 2012.

Gary Ross? portrayal of The Hunger Gamesmore closely resembles the book than the $90 million hype machine it has become.

The story follows 16-year-old Katniss Everdeen through her time competing in the 74th annual Hunger Games, a competition which selects one boy and one girl from each of the 12 districts of post-apocalyptic North America, now called Panem, to fight to the death on television.

Created after a rebellion against the governing Capitol, the Hunger Games were designed to show the districts they are powerless against the Capitol and cannot rise up again.

Employing superb camera work and an outstanding script adaptation, the filmmakers take on this dystopian and disturbing tale with alacrity, translating a complex page-turner into a similarly gripping on-screen story.

Cramming a 374-page book into two and a half hours for a big-budget Hollywood movie seemed destined to result in a heinous flop. But Ross rises to the occasion, perfectly conveying all of the necessary plot information. Instead of having to rely on awkward on-screen introductory speeches or the whispered explanations of fellow audience members, viewers who have not read the books will instantly understand from the title slides at the beginning and by piecing together the dialogue.

Ross? artistic abilities have earned him an Oscar nomination before for both directing and writing, and they make The Hunger Games truly amazing. His minimalistic film techniques allow the script and acting to take hold of the audience without distraction or interruption.

Despite the stacked cast, which includes Jennifer Lawrence, Josh Hutcherson, Liam Hemsworth, Elizabeth Banks, Woody Harrelson, Lenny Kravitz and Donald Sutherland, the story at the heart of The Hunger Games is the real reason for the film?s box-office success.

The midnight showings of the movie brought in $19.7 million, which is the all-time first night record for a non-sequel, and the seventh-highest grossing midnight screening ever behind three Harry Potter movies and three Twilight films.

Suzanne Collins wrote an amazingly gripping story, which Gary Ross brought to life in the woods of North Carolina.

To find such success, however, having an Academy Award-nominated actress in the lead can only help. Lawrence fully embodies heroine Katniss Everdeen in yet another brilliant performance. Lawrence and the rest of the cast bring the characters to life so powerfully I cannot imagine the movie any other way.

The story and the violence are troubling and aggressive, but because the movie is made the way it is, this world seems realistic.

While movie and book fans will debate the various merits and flaws of the widely popular Harry Potter, Twilight and Hunger Games franchises until the cows come home, Ross? film dwarfs all of the others, at least from an objective film-making standpoint.

The media has drawn unwarranted comparisons between The Hunger Games and the terrible Twilight saga by focusing far too much on Katniss and the love triangle which springs up around her as the Games story proceeds. This romantic element has little bearing on this first film, however, which deals largely with courage and the power of family and friendship, rather than with wishy-washy teenage love affairs.

This movie has a lot to offer for fans of the books, fans of the actors, fans of Ross and newcomers who know nothing of the story or phenomenon. Simply put, The Hunger Games is victorious on every level.

Source: http://uwire.com/2012/03/29/movie-review-let-the-games-begin/

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2 Syrian colonels killed in attack in central city

This image made from amateur video and released by Shaam News Network Tuesday, March 27, 2012, purports to show a Syrians carrying a wounded man in Homs, Syria. Syrian activists said Wednesday a government offensive in northern Syria during which troops overran a major opposition stronghold has left behind scenes of destruction, with corpses in the streets, homes burned to the ground and shops that have been pillaged and looted. (AP Photo/Shaam News Network via APTN) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. TV OUT

This image made from amateur video and released by Shaam News Network Tuesday, March 27, 2012, purports to show a Syrians carrying a wounded man in Homs, Syria. Syrian activists said Wednesday a government offensive in northern Syria during which troops overran a major opposition stronghold has left behind scenes of destruction, with corpses in the streets, homes burned to the ground and shops that have been pillaged and looted. (AP Photo/Shaam News Network via APTN) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. TV OUT

This image made from amateur video and released by Shaam News Network Wednesday, March 27, 2012, purports to show Syrian military tanks in Damascus, Syria. Syrian activists said Wednesday a government offensive in northern Syria during which troops overran a major opposition stronghold has left behind scenes of destruction, with corpses in the streets, homes burned to the ground and shops that have been pillaged and looted. (AP Photo/Shaam News Network via APTN) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. TV OUT

This image made from amateur video and released by Shaam News Network Tuesday, March 27, 2012, purports to show a Syrians helping a wounded man in Homs, Syria. Syrian activists said Wednesday a government offensive in northern Syria during which troops overran a major opposition stronghold has left behind scenes of destruction, with corpses in the streets, homes burned to the ground and shops that have been pillaged and looted. (AP Photo/Shaam News Network via APTN) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. TV OUT

This image made from amateur video and released by Shaam News Network Tuesday, March 27, 2012, purports to show a Syrian man running to help a wounded man in Homs, Syria. Syrian activists said Wednesday a government offensive in northern Syria during which troops overran a major opposition stronghold has left behind scenes of destruction, with corpses in the streets, homes burned to the ground and shops that have been pillaged and looted. (AP Photo/Shaam News Network via APTN) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. TV OUT

In this image made from amateur video and released by Ugarit News Wednesday, March 28, 2012, purports to show smoke leaping the air from shelling in Idlib, Syria. Syrian activists said Wednesday a government offensive in northern Syria during which troops overran a major opposition stronghold has left behind scenes of destruction, with corpses in the streets, homes burned to the ground and shops that have been pillaged and looted. (AP Photo/Ugarit News via APTN) THE ASSOCIATED PRESS CANNOT INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE CONTENT, DATE, LOCATION OR AUTHENTICITY OF THIS MATERIAL. TV OUT

BEIRUT (AP) ? Gunmen struck Thursday in the heart of Syria's largest city and a stronghold of support for President Bashar Assad, killing two army colonels at a downtown roundabout in an attack that state media blamed on terrorists.

Separately, in the central province of Hama, rebels attacked an army truck and killed two soldiers, activists said. Fresh clashes also broke out between government troops and army defectors in the country's north and south, and activists said security forces killed at least 11 civilians across Syria on Thursday.

The violence came as Arab leaders meeting at a Baghdad summit struggled with deep divisions about how to address Syria's crisis. The leaders are expected to pass a resolution calling for a cease-fire and an immediate, daily two-hour stop to fighting across Syria to permit aid to suffering civilians.

Such a resolution would fall short of previous calls by the body that Assad give up power, but would back efforts by U.N.-Arab League envoy Kofi Annan to broker a political solution.

Syria's state news agency said four gunmen belonging to an "armed terrorist group" opened fire on the two colonels in the Bab al-Hadid roundabout in the center of Aleppo, the country's largest city. The high-ranking officers, identified as Abdel-Karim al-Rai and Fuad Shaban, were on their way to work.

No one immediately claimed responsibility for the attack. The Syrian government blames the uprising on terrorists carrying out a foreign conspiracy.

The anti-Assad uprising has become increasingly militarized since it started last March, but Aleppo has largely been spared clashes between government forces and rebels. However, two mysterious bombings in the city this month killed 29 people. No group claimed responsibility for the attacks.

The U.N. says more than 9,000 people have been killed since Syrians first took to the street last year to call for political reforms. Assad's security forces deployed tanks, snipers and pro-regime thugs to quash dissent, and the protests spread. Many in the opposition have also taken up arms to defend their communities and attack government troops.

A flurry of international diplomacy has failed to stop the violence.

The U.S., Europe and many Arab countries have called on Assad to leave power, and the U.N. and the Arab League have appointed former Annan, a former U.N. chief, to try to broker a solution.

In Thursday's attack on the army truck in central Hama province, the Britain-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said rebels killed two government soldiers who were being taken north of the provincial capital, Hama.

The group also said at least three civilians were killed Thursday in army raids on rebellious villages in the Idlib province along Syria's northern border with Turkey. It also reported clashes in the southern town of Dael.

An activist in the town said that residents woke up to a huge explosion followed by intense gunfire. He said the fighting, as well as government snipers, have kept civilians pinned in their homes.

"The security situation is very hard, with snipers on the roofs," Adel al-Omari said over the phone. "It is very dangerous here and you can't leave your house. Anyone who moves is targeted."

The Observatory said eight government soldiers were wounded in the Dael clashes.

The group said security forces killed at least 11 civilians across Syria on Thursday, while another group, the Local Coordination Committees, put the day's death toll at 21.

Activist claims could not be independently verified. The Syrian government rarely comments on clashes and has barred most media from working in the country.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2012-03-29-ML-Syria/id-8e23ad0b59a64244bb860e8d73251e18

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FIA rejects claims that Mercedes's rear wing is illegal - F1 news ...

By Jonathan Noble

Thursday, March 22nd 2012, 10:10 GMT

Lotus and Red Bull Racing's complaints that the DRS-activated F-duct on the Mercedes rear wing is illegal have been rejected by the FIA, AUTOSPORT has learned.

The two outfits wanted clarification on the matter ahead of this weekend's Malaysian Grand Prix, with both teams reckoning the duct that helps stall the Mercedes wings for a straight-line speed boost is a breach of the rules that prevents driver activated aerodynamic devices.

Discussions between the FIA and all the teams involved have taken place throughout Thursday in the Sepang paddock, but the governing body has not changed its stance on the matter.

The FIA informed the outfits that it remains convinced that the concept is legal because it is passive, and there is nothing in the rules that outlaws a device that is activated by movement of the DRS.

FIA race director Charlie Whiting, who is head of the F1 technical department, said in Australia last weekend: "It is completely passive. There are no moving parts in it; it doesn't interact with any suspension. No steering, nothing. Therefore I cannot see a rule that prohibits it."

The news means that Red Bull Racing and Lotus - the two teams most unhappy about the design ? must now choose to either challenge the matter with an official protest in Malaysia this weekend, or go ahead and develop a similar system themselves.

Mercedes-Benz motorsport boss Norbert Haug confirmed that his team's car would be unchanged from how it was in the Australian Grand Prix.

"This car passed scrutineering and got the green light," he said in Malaysia.

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' + '' + '' + google_ads[i].visible_url + '
'; } } document.write(s); return; } google_ad_client = 'ca-haymarketgroup'; // substitute your client_id google_ad_channel = 'autosport'; google_ad_output = 'js'; google_max_num_ads = '3'; google_ad_type = 'text'; google_encoding = 'iso-8859-1'; google_safe = 'high'; google_adtest = 'off'; google_ad_section = 'default'; google_hints = 'Formula One, Formula 1, F1'; // -->

Source: http://www.autosport.com/news/report.php/id/98248

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The Dangers of Anorexia Nervosa | Health and Fitness

Eating disorders are a very serious problem that affects many women. One of the most dangerous of eating disorders is known as anorexia nervosa. Approximately 7 percent of American women suffer from this condition. This is a psychologically based disorder that makes a person perceive themselves as overweight when they are in fact malnourished and extremely thin. Many teenage girls are affected by anorexia nervosa due to the media culture that pushes the concept of extreme thinness as attractive for young girls. Our culture tends to portray beauty by size. Girls are very impressionable at this age and will go to great lengths to achieve what they believe is beauty. Many adult women also battle with this disorder. Oftentimes these individuals feel powerless and by controlling their calories they feel they have control over their lives and extreme willpower.

Causes of the disorder: There are a variety of causes for this disorder. Researchers have found that anorexia usually develops in families where one person has already become anorexic. It seems that environmental factors play a role in anorexia. For example, if a sibling is anorexic it is more likely that another family member may develop it. This may also be related to family dynamics such as tendencies to be overemotional and perfectionists. Anorexia therefore can be a learned behavior that is then modeled by other family members. Cultural influences: Our media is relentless in its portrayal of the ideal woman as being very thin. The image is contradictory to the natural female shape and it is very difficult if not impossible for most women to achieve that level of thinness. It is also extremely unhealthy. The models in fashion magazines have figures that are extremely underweight and these are the role models that teens and women look at when judging themselves and their own bodies.

Behavioral symptoms of anorexia nervosa: This disorder can be deadly. If you are aware of someone who has this eating disorder they need to have immediate medical intervention because it can be life saving for them. Believing that they are overweight these individuals refuse to eat and are terrified at the thought of gaining any weight at all. Women and girls who have this disorder will exhibit an extreme dislike of their own physical body. They are ironically, obsessed with food. They will think and talk about food all the time in a negative fashion. They will compulsively plan out their eating activities. Sufferers also may display very competitive behavior in other areas of their life. They will have perfectionist tendencies as they are very unhappy with themselves and feel that they are not good enough. As the condition worsens and their bodies weaken they may develop mood disorders from lack of nutrition. Depression, mood swings and difficulty sleeping may occur. Physical symptoms include extreme weight loss, dry skin, tooth loss, constipation, and lack of menstruation and lowered heart rate. These physical symptoms can become a very dangerous health concern.

Diagnosis: A medical professional will conduct a variety of tests to determine if the condition is anorexia. This will include a battery of psychological testing as well as physical exams, blood and urine tests. Intervention: If you believe that your loved one or a friend suffers with anorexia you need to intervene and provide them with the support they need to overcome this dreadful condition. The best approach is a calm approach because the individual is suffering from a psychological disorder and may feel that you are attacking them and that what you are saying is not true. Try not to judge them harshly but rather be kind and supportive. Provide them with a safe environment where they can freely discuss their feelings. They may deny that there is any problem. However some people may respond at this point and open up about hurts or reasons why they are unhappy with their weight. This is a very helpful first step. You do not want to alienate them and make the problem even worse as it is a delicate situation to deal with.

Treatment Centers: There are many reputable treatment centers that deal specifically with this disorder. This is where medical doctors and trained counselors can help the individual dealing with anorexia. Getting them into a good program is essential to their well being. They need to be under a doctor?s care to ensure that their physical health does not deteriorate. Psychological counseling as well as possible medication can become part of an effective treatment program. Throughout this process, the person should continue to receive as much support and encouragement from family and friends as possible. This is a battle that can end in victory or defeat. It is a very serious condition and it may be something that the person may have to deal with for the rest of their lives.

Article source: http://ezinearticles.com/6938392

Source: http://medicaltips.biz/2012/03/19/the-dangers-of-anorexia-nervosa/

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Over 150 passengers missing as ferry sinks in Bangladesh

DHAKA?? A ferry carrying more than 250 passengers sank in a south Bangladesh river on Tuesday after colliding with a barge, and at least 150 people are still missing, police and witnesses said.

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The accident occurred on the Meghna river in Munshiganj district, some 50 km (31 miles) south of the capital.

Mohammad Azizul Alam, deputy commissioner for the district, said the Dhaka-bound ferry, the MV Shariatpur-1, was hit by the oil-laden barge early in the morning.

At least 50 people managed to swim ashore from the sunken vessel, and a search is being conducted for the rest of the passengers.

Ferry accidents are common on Bangladesh's rivers and several people are killed every year.

Copyright 2012 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

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Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/46714157/ns/world_news-south_and_central_asia/

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A test of the senses in the search for a shoal mate

Friday, March 9, 2012

Ever had to find your friend in a crowd? Imagine at a festival your mate saying: "I'll be wearing a yellow t-shirt by the hotdog stall behind the jazz stage." Using this information, you could walk around listening out for the romping double bass, and as you get closer and start to hear the trills of the trumpet, begin to sniff out the frying onions and sizzling sausages. Once you have located the hotdog stand, you only need to look for a bright yellow t-shirt and you will find your friend. Young coral reef fish use the same strategy, research from the Radboud University Nijmegen and the University of Bristol has found.

By testing how young French grunts (a common fish in Cura?ao and throughout the Caribbean) responded to local sounds, smells and visual cues, the researchers have unlocked, for the first time, the mystery of how centimetre-long juvenile fish can navigate from the high seas to find their shoal mates in amongst the roots of mangrove trees or blades of seagrass.

First the team tested which habitat noises the fish were attracted to using auditory choice chambers. They found that newly-settled fish, just returned to the coast after developing in the plankton for several weeks, were most attracted to recordings of coral reefs. But these fish don't set up home on coral reefs, which can be dangerous places for a young fish. Instead they seek the relative safety of nursery grounds in the mangroves and seagrass beds where they will grow for the first few months.

The second experiment tested which habitat smells the fish were attracted to using olfactory mazes shaped like a 'Y'. In contrast to the hearing study, the fish were attracted not to the smells of coral reefs, but to the smells of the muddy soft-sediment habitats of seagrass and mangroves.

Dr Chantal Huijbers of the Radboud University Nijmegen said: "It seems that to find shore the fish use coral reef noise, which is the loudest habitat noise and can be heard by fish from 100s to 1000s of metres. Once in the right proximity, they can then sniff out their preferred nursery habitats."

In the third experiment, the team tested whether fish were attracted to the sights of suitable habitat or to potential shoal mates. Observing their behaviour in a square arena, they found that fish couldn't pick apart different types of habitat, but were highly attracted to the sight of a familiar looking fish.

Finally, to test the strength of this attraction to other fish, the team went back to their olfactory y-maze, and let fish identify their preferred scent, before opening a window that let the study fish see other individuals. They then switched the smells, but found that the fish ignored the loss of their preferred scent and opted to stay in sight of their new shoal mates. This suggests that once visual contact has been made, other cues become less important. Their mission has been accomplished.

Dr Steve Simpson of the University of Bristol said: "This study is the first to look at the hierarchy of different sensory cues that allow young fish to complete a life-or-death navigational task. Hearing then smell guides fish at the macro scale, but at the fine scale vision takes over as the fish locate their new shoal mates."

Dr Ivan Nagelkerken of the Radboud University Nijmegen said: "This study demonstrates the complex behaviour employed by young juvenile coral reef fish, and highlights the importance of maintaining a mosaic of different habitats and healthy local populations in order for the French grunt, and many fish like it, to complete their life cycle."

###

University of Bristol: http://www.bristol.ac.uk

Thanks to University of Bristol for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 116 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/118326/A_test_of_the_senses_in_the_search_for_a_shoal_mate

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